Protein Domain : IPR010559

Type:  Domain Name:  Signal transduction histidine kinase, internal region
Description:  Two-component signal transduction systems enable bacteria to sense, respond, and adapt to a wide range of environments, stressors, and growth conditions []. Some bacteria can contain up to as many as 200 two-component systems that need tight regulation to prevent unwanted cross-talk []. These pathways have been adapted to response to a wide variety of stimuli, including nutrients, cellular redox state, changes in osmolarity, quorum signals, antibiotics, and more []. Two-component systems are comprised of a sensor histidine kinase (HK) and its cognate response regulator (RR) []. The HK catalyses its own auto-phosphorylation followed by the transfer of the phosphoryl group to the receiver domain on RR; phosphorylation of the RR usually activates an attached output domain, which can then effect changes in cellular physiology, often by regulating gene expression. Some HK are bifunctional, catalysing both the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of their cognate RR. The input stimuli can regulate either the kinase or phosphatase activity of the bifunctional HK.A variant of the two-component system is the phospho-relay system. Here a hybrid HK auto-phosphorylates and then transfers the phosphoryl group to an internal receiver domain, rather than to a separate RR protein. The phosphoryl group is then shuttled to histidine phosphotransferase (HPT) and subsequently to a terminal RR, which can evoke the desired response [, ].Signal transducing histidine kinases are the key elements in two-component signal transduction systems, which control complex processes such as the initiation of development in microorganisms [, ]. Examples of histidine kinases are EnvZ, which plays a central role in osmoregulation [], and CheA, which plays a central role in the chemotaxis system []. Histidine kinases usually have an N-terminal ligand-binding domain and a C-terminal kinase domain, but other domains may also be present. The kinase domain is responsible for the autophosphorylation of the histidine with ATP, the phosphotransfer from the kinase to an aspartate of the response regulator, and (with bifunctional enzymes) the phosphotransfer from aspartyl phosphate back to ADP or to water []. The kinase core has a unique fold, distinct from that of the Ser/Thr/Tyr kinase superfamily. HKs can be roughly divided into two classes: orthodox and hybrid kinases [, ]. Most orthodox HKs, typified by the Escherichia coliEnvZ protein, function as periplasmic membrane receptors and have a signal peptide and transmembrane segment(s) that separate the protein into a periplasmic N-terminal sensing domain and a highly conserved cytoplasmic C-terminal kinase core. Members of this family, however, have an integral membrane sensor domain. Not all orthodox kinases are membrane bound, e.g., the nitrogen regulatory kinase NtrB (GlnL) is a soluble cytoplasmic HK []. Hybrid kinases contain multiple phosphodonor and phosphoacceptor sites and use multi-step phospho-relay schemes instead of promoting a single phosphoryl transfer. In addition to the sensor domain and kinase core, they contain a CheY-like receiver domain and a His-containing phosphotransfer (HPt) domain.This family represents a region within bacterial histidine kinase enzymes. Two-component signal transduction systems such as those mediated by histidine kinase are integral parts of bacterial cellular regulatory processes, and are used to regulate the expression of genes involved in virulence. Members of this family often contain and/or . Short Name:  Sig_transdc_His_kin_internal
Paste the following link

0 Child Features

0 Contains

1 Cross References

Identifier
PF06580

0 Found In

3 GO Annotations

GO Term Gene Name
GO:0000155 IPR010559
GO:0000160 IPR010559
GO:0016021 IPR010559

3 Ontology Annotations

GO Term Gene Name
GO:0000155 IPR010559
GO:0000160 IPR010559
GO:0016021 IPR010559

0 Parent Features

6 Proteins

DB identifier UniProt Accession Secondary Identifier Organism Name Length
30450.m000035 B9TEL7 PAC:16824430 Ricinus communis 270  
27497.m000035 B9TC43 PAC:16798513 Ricinus communis 395  
Pp3s32_260V3.1.p PAC:32948413 Physcomitrium patens 2208  
SpUn0778_0010.1 PAC:45074245 Schrenkiella parvula 851  
SpUn0790_0010.1 PAC:45092450 Schrenkiella parvula 879  
SpUn1634_0010.1 PAC:45091837 Schrenkiella parvula 340  

13 Publications

First Author Title Year Journal Volume Pages PubMed ID
            12372152
            10966457
            16176121
            18076326
            11934609
            11489844
            9989504
            8868347
            10426948
            11145881
            11406410
            8029829
            1482126