GO:0006355
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regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
GO:0006357
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regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
GO:0005737
|
cytoplasm
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All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
GO:0007165
|
signal transduction
|
The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
GO:0005622
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intracellular
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The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
GO:0043231
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intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
|
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
GO:0006950
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response to stress
|
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). |
GO:0010468
|
regulation of gene expression
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
GO:0005783
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endoplasmic reticulum
|
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached). |
GO:0009966
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regulation of signal transduction
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of signal transduction. |
GO:0051252
|
regulation of RNA metabolic process
|
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways involving RNA. |
GO:0045893
|
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
|
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of cellular DNA-templated transcription. |
GO:0051716
|
cellular response to stimulus
|
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. |
GO:0010033
|
response to organic substance
|
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an organic substance stimulus. |
GO:0007154
|
cell communication
|
Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
GO:0009987
|
cellular process
|
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
GO:0008104
|
protein localization
|
Any process in which a protein is transported to, or maintained in, a specific location. |
GO:0045944
|
positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter
|
Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of transcription from an RNA polymerase II promoter. |
GO:0044763
|
single-organism cellular process
|
Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism. |
GO:0044699
|
single-organism process
|
A biological process that involves only one organism. |
GO:0051641
|
cellular localization
|
A localization process that takes place at the cellular level; as a result of a cellular localization process, a substance or cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to, and/or maintained in, a specific location within or in the membrane of a cell. |
GO:0051179
|
localization
|
Any process in which a cell, a substance, or a cellular entity, such as a protein complex or organelle, is transported to or maintained in a specific location. |
GO:1902578
|
single-organism localization
|
A localization which involves only one organism. |
GO:0008150
|
biological_process
|
Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. |
GO:0050896
|
response to stimulus
|
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. |
GO:0033554
|
cellular response to stress
|
Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). |
GO:0044464
|
cell part
|
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. |
GO:0044444
|
cytoplasmic part
|
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures. |
GO:0044424
|
intracellular part
|
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
GO:0005575
|
cellular_component
|
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together. |