Protein Domain : IPR001952

Type:  Family Name:  Alkaline phosphatase
Description:  This entry represents alkaline phosphatases () (ALP), which act as non-specific phosphomonoesterases to hydrolyse phosphate esters, optimally at high pH. The reaction mechanism involves the attack of a serine alkoxide on a phosphorus of the substrate to form a transient covalent enzyme-phosphate complex, followed by the hydrolysis of the serine phosphate. Alkaline phosphatases are found in all kingdoms of life, with the exception of some plants. Alkaline phosphatases are metalloenzymes that exist as a dimer, each monomer binding metal ions. The metal ions they carry can differ, although zinc and magnesium are the most common. For example, Escherichia colialkaline phosphatase (encoded by phoA) requires the presence of two zinc ions bound at the M1 and M2 metal sites, and one magnesium ion bound at the M3 site []. However, alkaline phosphatases from Thermotoga maritimaand Bacillus subtilisrequire cobalt for maximal activity []. In mammals, there are four alkaline phosphatase isozymes: placental, placental-like (germ cell), intestinal and tissue-nonspecific (liver/bone/kidney). All four isozymes are anchored to the outer surface of the plasma membrane by a covalently attached glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor []. Human alkaline phosphatases have four metal binding sites: two for zinc, one for magnesium, and one for calcium ion. Placental alkaline phosphatase (ALPP or PLAP) is highly polymorphic, with at least three common alleles []. Its activity is down-regulated by a number of effectors such as l-phenylalanine, 5'-AMP, and by p-nitrophenyl-phosphonate (PNPPate) []. The placental-like isozyme (ALPPL or PLAP-like) is elevated in germ cell tumours. The intestinal isozyme (ALPI or IAP) has the ability to detoxify lipopolysaccharide and prevent bacterial invasion across the gut mucosal barrier []. The tissue-nonspecific isozyme (ALPL) is, and may play a role in skeletal mineralisation. Defects in ALPL are a cause of hypophosphatasia, including infantile-type (OMIM:241500), childhood-type (OMIM:241510) and adult-type (OMIM:146300). Hhypophosphatasia is an inherited metabolic bone disease characterised by defective skeletal mineralisation [].This entry also contains the related enzyme streptomycin-6-phosphate phosphatase () (encoded by strK) from Streptomyces species. This enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the antibiotic streptomycin, specifically cleaving both streptomycin-6-phosphate and, more slowly, streptomycin-3-phosphate []. Short Name:  Alkaline_phosphatase
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0 Child Features

3 Contains

DB identifier Type Name
IPR017850 Domain Alkaline-phosphatase-like, core domain
IPR017849 Domain Alkaline phosphatase-like, alpha/beta/alpha
IPR018299 Active_site Alkaline phosphatase, active site

3 Cross Referencess

Identifier
PF00245
PR00113
SM00098

0 Found In

2 GO Annotations

GO Term Gene Name
GO:0016791 IPR001952
GO:0008152 IPR001952

2 Ontology Annotations

GO Term Gene Name
GO:0016791 IPR001952
GO:0008152 IPR001952

0 Parent Features

5 Proteins

DB identifier UniProt Accession Secondary Identifier Organism Name Length
GSMUA_Achr9P04890_001 PAC:32305922 Musa acuminata 167  
Brdisv1pangenome1008841m.p PAC:33658841 Brachypodium distachyon Pangenome 366  
Brdisv1BdTR11A1045039m.p PAC:35696071 Brachypodium distachyon BdTR11a 366  
Pum0204s0023.1.p A0A1X6P5Z7 PAC:38013758 Porphyra umbilicalis 684  
Pum0400s0006.1.p A0A1X6NW79 PAC:38013000 Porphyra umbilicalis 754  

8 Publications

First Author Title Year Journal Volume Pages PubMed ID
            1654502
            11124260
            15938627
            15946677
            11910033
            17520090
            18292227
            17719863