| Type: | Family | Name: | Glycine-tRNA ligase, beta subunit |
| Description: | This entry represents the beta subunit of glycine-tRNA ligase. In most eubacteria, glycine-tRNA ligase () is an alpha2/beta2 tetramer composed of 2 different subunits [, , ] while in archaea, eukaryota and some eubacteria, glycine-tRNA ligase is an alpha2 dimer (see ). This entry represents the beta subunit of the tetrameric enzyme. What is most interesting is the lack of similarity between the two types: divergence at the sequencelevel is so great that it is impossible to infer descent from common genes. The alpha (see ) and beta subunits also lack significant sequence similarity. However, they are translated from a single mRNA [], and a single chain glycine-tRNA ligase from Chlamydia trachomatishas been found to have significant similarity with both domains, suggesting divergence from a single polypeptide chain [].The aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases () catalyse the attachment of an amino acid to its cognate transfer RNA molecule in a highly specific two-step reaction. These proteins differ widely in size and oligomeric state, and have limited sequence homology []. The 20 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are divided into two classes, I and II. Class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases contain a characteristic Rossman fold and are mostly monomeric, while class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases share an anti-parallel beta-sheet formation, flanked by alpha-helices [], and are mostly dimeric or multimeric. In reactions catalysed by the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, the aminoacyl group is coupled to the 2'-hydroxyl of the tRNA, while, in class II reactions, the 3'-hydroxyl site is preferred. The synthetases specific for arginine, cysteine, glutamic aci, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, tyrosine, tryptophan and valine belong to class I synthetases. The synthetases specific for alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glycine, histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, and threonine belong to class-II synthetases.The 10 class I synthetases are considered to have in common the catalytic domain structure based on the Rossmann fold, which is totally different from the class II catalytic domain structure. The class I synthetases are further divided into three subclasses, a, b and c, according to sequence homology. No conserved structural features for tRNA recognition by class I synthetases have been established. | Short Name: | Gly-tRNA-synth_bsu |
| GO Term | Gene Name |
|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | IPR015944 |
| GO:0004820 | IPR015944 |
| GO:0005524 | IPR015944 |
| GO:0006426 | IPR015944 |
| GO:0005737 | IPR015944 |
| GO Term | Gene Name |
|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | IPR015944 |
| GO:0004820 | IPR015944 |
| GO:0005524 | IPR015944 |
| GO:0006426 | IPR015944 |
| GO:0005737 | IPR015944 |
