| Type: | Family | Name: | Groucho/transducin-like enhancer |
| Description: | The Groucho (Gro)/transducin-like enhancers (TLE) are a family of evolutionarily conserved corepressor proteins that play a critical role indiverse developmental and cellular pathways, including lateral inhibition, segmentation, sex determination, dorsal/ventral pattern formation, terminalpattern formation, and eye development []. The Gro/TLE family contain two highly conserved domains, a C-terminal WD-repeat domain and an N-terminal glutamine rich (Q) domain, in additionto a variable central region. The highly conserved Q domains are unique to the Gro/TLE family and are not found in other WD-repeat proteins. Thevariable region contains a loosely conserved CcN motif, consisting of putative cdc2 kinase (cdc2) and casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylation sites, as well as a nuclear localisation signal []. The CcN motif is flanked by two poorly conserved regions, which are characteristically rich in either glycine and proline or serine and proline residues, GP and SP domains respectively.Gro/TLE family proteins do not bind to DNA directly as they lack any DNA-binding domain. However, they are recruited to the template by DNA-boundrepressor proteins. Gro/TLE Co-repressors assemble into high order oligomeric structures [] through their conserved Q domain - the Q domains are able tomediate both homo- and hetero-oligomerisation. The GP domain is able to recruit histone deacetylase to the template; this, together with otherfindings, shows that Gro/TLE proteins specifically associate with histones, and suggests that Gro/TLE Co-repressors negatively regulate transcription byinducing a silenced chromatin structure. | Short Name: | Groucho_enhance |
