| Type: | Family | Name: | Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist / Interleukin-36 |
| Description: | Interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1A and IL-1B) are cytokines that participate in the regulation of immune responses, inflammatory reactions, and hematopoiesis []. Two types of IL-1 receptor, each with three extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, limited sequence similarity (28%) and different pharmacological characteristics have been cloned from mouse and human cell lines: these have been termed type I and type II receptors []. The receptors both exist in transmembrane (TM) and soluble forms: the soluble IL-1 receptor is thought to be post-translationally derived from cleavage of the extracellular portion of the membrane receptors.Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) binds to the IL-1 receptor, blocking the effects of IL-1A and IL-1B, whilst eliciting no response of its own. From sequence comparisons, it seems to have arisen by gene duplication before IL-1 diverged into IL-1A and IL-1B, as it has features of both []. It seems likely to have the same fold as IL-1A and IL-1B. Interleukin-36 cytokines constitute a novel cluster of cytokines with structural and functional similarities to IL-1 []. Previously designated as interleukin-1 family members 5 - 10 (IL-1F5 to IL-1F10), they have recently been reclassified according to an updated cytokine nomenclature scheme []. Family members include:interleukin-36 alpha, beta and gamma (previously IL-1F6, IL-1F8 and IL-1F9, respectively), which are pro-inflammatory and signal through IL-1Rrp2 and IL-1RAcP []. interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (previously IL-1F5), which binds IL-1Rrp2, acting as an antagonist for interleukins signalling via this route [].interleukin-37 (IL-1F7), which exerts anti-inflammatory actions by suppressing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [].IL-1F10, whose function is unknown. This entry represents IL-1RA and Interleukin-36 cytokines. | Short Name: | IL-1RA/IL-36 |
