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GO:0019953
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sexual reproduction
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A reproduction process that creates a new organism by combining the genetic material of two organisms. It occurs both in eukaryotes and prokaryotes: in multicellular eukaryotic organisms, an individual is created anew; in prokaryotes, the initial cell has additional or transformed genetic material. In a process called genetic recombination, genetic material (DNA) originating from two different individuals (parents) join up so that homologous sequences are aligned with each other, and this is followed by exchange of genetic information. After the new recombinant chromosome is formed, it is passed on to progeny. |
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GO:0007338
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single fertilization
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The union of male and female gametes to form a zygote. |
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GO:0009987
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cellular process
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Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
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GO:0044763
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single-organism cellular process
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Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism. |
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GO:0044699
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single-organism process
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A biological process that involves only one organism. |
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GO:0008150
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biological_process
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Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. |
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GO:0000003
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reproduction
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The production of new individuals that contain some portion of genetic material inherited from one or more parent organisms. |
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GO:0065007
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biological regulation
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Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. |
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GO:0050789
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regulation of biological process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. |
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GO:0048519
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negative regulation of biological process
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Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. |
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GO:0051704
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multi-organism process
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A biological process which involves another organism of the same or different species. |
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GO:0022414
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reproductive process
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A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals by one or two organisms. The new individuals inherit some proportion of their genetic material from the parent or parents. |
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GO:0044702
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single organism reproductive process
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A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving a single organism. |
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GO:0044703
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multi-organism reproductive process
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A biological process that directly contributes to the process of producing new individuals, involving another organism. |
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GO:0001775
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cell activation
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A change in the morphology or behavior of a cell resulting from exposure to an activating factor such as a cellular or soluble ligand. |
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GO:0043900
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regulation of multi-organism process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. |
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GO:0043901
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negative regulation of multi-organism process
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Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of a multi-organism process, a process in which an organism has an effect on another organism of the same or different species. |
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GO:0009566
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fertilization
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The union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). |
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GO:2000241
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regulation of reproductive process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. |
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GO:0007343
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egg activation
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The process in which the egg becomes metabolically active, initiates protein and DNA synthesis and undergoes structural changes to its cortex and/or cytoplasm. |
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GO:2000242
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negative regulation of reproductive process
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Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of reproductive process. |
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GO:0060467
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negative regulation of fertilization
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Any process that decreases the rate, frequency or extent of fertilization. Fertilization is the union of gametes of opposite sexes during the process of sexual reproduction to form a zygote. It involves the fusion of the gametic nuclei (karyogamy) and cytoplasm (plasmogamy). |
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GO:0060468
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prevention of polyspermy
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The negative regulation of fertilization process that takes place as part of egg activation, ensuring that only a single sperm fertilizes the egg. |
