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GO:0007165
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signal transduction
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The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
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GO:0007049
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cell cycle
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The progression of biochemical and morphological phases and events that occur in a cell during successive cell replication or nuclear replication events. Canonically, the cell cycle comprises the replication and segregation of genetic material followed by the division of the cell, but in endocycles or syncytial cells nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division. |
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GO:0007067
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mitotic nuclear division
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A cell cycle process comprising the steps by which the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell divides; the process involves condensation of chromosomal DNA into a highly compacted form. Canonically, mitosis produces two daughter nuclei whose chromosome complement is identical to that of the mother cell. |
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GO:0051301
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cell division
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The process resulting in division and partitioning of components of a cell to form more cells; may or may not be accompanied by the physical separation of a cell into distinct, individually membrane-bounded daughter cells. |
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GO:0051726
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regulation of cell cycle
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Any process that modulates the rate or extent of progression through the cell cycle. |
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GO:0007093
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mitotic cell cycle checkpoint
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A cell cycle checkpoint that ensures accurate chromosome replication and segregation by preventing progression through a mitotic cell cycle until conditions are suitable for the cell to proceed to the next stage. |
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GO:0010468
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regulation of gene expression
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
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GO:0030071
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regulation of mitotic metaphase/anaphase transition
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the onset of anaphase (chromosome movement) in the mitotic cell cycle. |
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GO:0007096
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regulation of exit from mitosis
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Any process involved in the progression from anaphase/telophase to G1 that is associated with a conversion from high to low mitotic CDK activity. |
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GO:0042176
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regulation of protein catabolic process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the breakdown of a protein by the destruction of the native, active configuration, with or without the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. |
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GO:0000075
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cell cycle checkpoint
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A cell cycle process that controls cell cycle progression by monitoring the integrity of specific cell cycle events. A cell cycle checkpoint begins with detection of deficiencies or defects and ends with signal transduction. |
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GO:0000910
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cytokinesis
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The division of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane of a cell and its partitioning into two daughter cells. |
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GO:0000278
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mitotic cell cycle
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Progression through the phases of the mitotic cell cycle, the most common eukaryotic cell cycle, which canonically comprises four successive phases called G1, S, G2, and M and includes replication of the genome and the subsequent segregation of chromosomes into daughter cells. In some variant cell cycles nuclear replication or nuclear division may not be followed by cell division, or G1 and G2 phases may be absent. |
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GO:0032465
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regulation of cytokinesis
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the division of the cytoplasm of a cell and its separation into two daughter cells. |
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GO:0051716
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cellular response to stimulus
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Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. |
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GO:0051302
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regulation of cell division
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the physical partitioning and separation of a cell into daughter cells. |
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GO:0007154
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cell communication
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Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
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GO:0016043
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cellular component organization
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A process that results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. |
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GO:0009987
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cellular process
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Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
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GO:0006996
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organelle organization
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A process that is carried out at the cellular level which results in the assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of an organelle within a cell. An organelle is an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane. |
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GO:0051783
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regulation of nuclear division
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of nuclear division, the partitioning of the nucleus and its genetic information. |
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GO:0031577
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spindle checkpoint
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A cell cycle checkpoint that originates from the mitotic or meiotic spindle. |
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GO:0044763
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single-organism cellular process
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Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, occurring within a single organism. |
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GO:0044699
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single-organism process
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A biological process that involves only one organism. |
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GO:0071840
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cellular component organization or biogenesis
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A process that results in the biosynthesis of constituent macromolecules, assembly, arrangement of constituent parts, or disassembly of a cellular component. |
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GO:1902589
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single-organism organelle organization
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An organelle organization which involves only one organism. |
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GO:0008150
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biological_process
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Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. |
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GO:0050896
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response to stimulus
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Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. |
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GO:0065007
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biological regulation
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Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. |
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GO:0050794
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regulation of cellular process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
