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GO:0008152
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metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways, including anabolism and catabolism, by which living organisms transform chemical substances. Metabolic processes typically transform small molecules, but also include macromolecular processes such as DNA repair and replication, and protein synthesis and degradation. |
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GO:0006412
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translation
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The cellular metabolic process in which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome. |
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GO:0009058
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biosynthetic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances; typically the energy-requiring part of metabolism in which simpler substances are transformed into more complex ones. |
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GO:0044237
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cellular metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. |
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GO:0006807
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nitrogen compound metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving organic or inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen, including (but not limited to) nitrogen fixation, nitrification, denitrification, assimilatory/dissimilatory nitrate reduction and the interconversion of nitrogenous organic matter and ammonium. |
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GO:0019538
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protein metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general. Includes protein modification. |
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GO:0010468
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regulation of gene expression
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gene expression. Gene expression is the process in which a gene's coding sequence is converted into a mature gene product or products (proteins or RNA). This includes the production of an RNA transcript as well as any processing to produce a mature RNA product or an mRNA (for protein-coding genes) and the translation of that mRNA into protein. Protein maturation is included when required to form an active form of a product from an inactive precursor form. |
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GO:0006414
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translational elongation
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The successive addition of amino acid residues to a nascent polypeptide chain during protein biosynthesis. |
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GO:0071704
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organic substance metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving an organic substance, any molecular entity containing carbon. |
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GO:0044238
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primary metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving those compounds which are formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. |
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GO:0043043
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peptide biosynthetic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of peptides, compounds of 2 or more (but usually less than 100) amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. This may include the translation of a precursor protein and its subsequent processing into a functional peptide. |
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GO:0044249
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cellular biosynthetic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances, carried out by individual cells. |
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GO:0017148
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negative regulation of translation
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Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA. |
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GO:0009059
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macromolecule biosynthetic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of a macromolecule, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. |
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GO:0045900
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negative regulation of translational elongation
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Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the frequency, rate or extent of translational elongation. |
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GO:0044260
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cellular macromolecule metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass, as carried out by individual cells. |
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GO:0009890
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negative regulation of biosynthetic process
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Any process that stops, prevents, or reduces the rate of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of substances. |
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GO:0006518
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peptide metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving peptides, compounds of two or more amino acids where the alpha carboxyl group of one is bound to the alpha amino group of another. |
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GO:0044267
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cellular protein metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving a specific protein, rather than of proteins in general, occurring at the level of an individual cell. Includes cellular protein modification. |
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GO:0009987
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cellular process
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Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
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GO:0006417
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regulation of translation
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways resulting in the formation of proteins by the translation of mRNA. |
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GO:0008150
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biological_process
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Any process specifically pertinent to the functioning of integrated living units: cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. A process is a collection of molecular events with a defined beginning and end. |
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GO:0034641
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cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving various organic and inorganic nitrogenous compounds, as carried out by individual cells. |
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GO:0043170
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macromolecule metabolic process
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The chemical reactions and pathways involving macromolecules, any molecule of high relative molecular mass, the structure of which essentially comprises the multiple repetition of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. |
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GO:0065007
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biological regulation
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Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. |
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GO:0050794
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regulation of cellular process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
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GO:0080090
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regulation of primary metabolic process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism involving those compounds formed as a part of the normal anabolic and catabolic processes. These processes take place in most, if not all, cells of the organism. |
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GO:0031323
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regulation of cellular metabolic process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways by which individual cells transform chemical substances. |
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GO:0050789
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regulation of biological process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. |
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GO:0019222
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regulation of metabolic process
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Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of the chemical reactions and pathways within a cell or an organism. |
